The Nobel Prize 2025 has been awarded to Mary E. Brunkow, Fred Ramsdell and Shimon Sakaguchi for their discoveries concerning peripheral immune tolerance. Their discoveries have explained how the body’s immune system is kept in check to prevent it from attacking its own organs. It has laid the foundation for a new field of research and spurred the development of new treatments.

Mary E. Brunkow (born 1961) is an American molecular biologist and immunologist. She earned her PhD from Princeton University, USA. She currently serves as a Senior Program Manager at the Univerity for Systems Biology in Seattle.